8.81. Util-linux-2.42.2

#### Linux From Scratch - Version r13.0-154-systemd

### Chapter 8. Installing Basic System Software

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# 8.81. Util-linux-2.42.2

The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs. Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions, and messages.

Approximate build time: 0.5 SBU
Required disk space: 346 MB

## 8.81.1. Installation of Util-linux

Prepare Util-linux for compilation:

    ./configure --bindir=/usr/bin     \
                --libdir=/usr/lib     \
                --runstatedir=/run    \
                --sbindir=/usr/sbin   \
                --disable-chfn-chsh   \
                --disable-login       \
                --disable-nologin     \
                --disable-su          \
                --disable-setpriv     \
                --disable-runuser     \
                --disable-pylibmount  \
                --disable-liblastlog2 \
                --disable-static      \
                --without-python      \
                ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
                --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.42.2

The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about building components that either require packages not in LFS, or are inconsistent with programs installed by other packages.

Compile the package:

    make

If desired, create a dummy `/etc/fstab` file to satisfy two tests and run the test suite as a non-`root` user:

### Warning

Running the test suite as the `root` user can be harmful to your system. To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must be available in the currently running system and must be built as a module. Building it into the kernel will prevent booting. For complete coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed. If desired, this test can be run by booting into the completed LFS system and running:

    bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD

    touch /etc/fstab
    chown -R tester .
    su tester -c "make -k check"

The hardlink tests will fail if the host's kernel does not have the option `CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH` enabled or does not have any options providing a SHA256 implementation (for example, `CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256`, or `CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256_SSSE3` if the CPU supports Supplemental SSE3) enabled. In addition, the lsfd: inotify test will fail if the kernel option `CONFIG_NETLINK_DIAG` is not enabled.

Install the package:

    make install

## 8.81.2. Contents of Util-linux

Installed programs: addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blkzone, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu, chmem, choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg, eject, fallocate, fdisk, fincore, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hardlink, hexdump, hwclock, i386 (link to setarch), ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, irqtop, isosize, kill, last, lastb (link to last), ldattach, linux32 (link to setarch), linux64 (link to setarch), logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu, lsipc, lsirq, lsfd, lslocks, lslogins, lsmem, lsns, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pivot_root, prlimit, readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rfkill, rtcwake, script, scriptlive, scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, taskset, uclampset, ul, umount, uname26 (link to setarch), unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, uuidparse, wall, wdctl, whereis, wipefs, x86_64 (link to setarch), and zramctl
Installed libraries: libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so, libsmartcols.so, and libuuid.so
Installed directories: /usr/include/blkid, /usr/include/libfdisk, /usr/include/libmount, /usr/include/libsmartcols, /usr/include/uuid, /usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.42.2, and /var/lib/hwclock

### Short Descriptions

addpart | Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions
agetty | Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name, and then invokes the login program
blkdiscard | Discards sectors on a device
blkid | A command line utility to locate and print block device attributes
blkzone | Is used to manage zoned storage block devices
blockdev | Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command line
cal | Displays a simple calendar
cfdisk | Manipulates the partition table of the given device
chcpu | Modifies the state of CPUs
chmem | Configures memory
choom | Displays and adjusts OOM-killer scores, used to determine which process to kill first when Linux is Out Of Memory
chrt | Manipulates real-time attributes of a process
col | Filters out reverse line feeds
colcrt | Filters nroff output for terminals that lack some capabilities, such as overstriking and half-lines
colrm | Filters out the given columns
column | Formats a given file into multiple columns
ctrlaltdel | Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a hard or a soft reset
delpart | Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition
dmesg | Dumps the kernel boot messages
eject | Ejects removable media
fallocate | Preallocates space to a file
fdisk | Manipulates the partition table of the given device
fincore | Counts pages of file contents in core
findfs | Finds a file system, either by label or Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)
findmnt | Is a command line interface to the libmount library for working with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files
flock | Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the lock held
fsck | Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems
fsck.cramfs | Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on the given device
fsck.minix | Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on the given device
fsfreeze | Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl kernel driver operations
fstrim | Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem
getopt | Parses options in the given command line
hardlink | Consolidates duplicate files by creating hard links
hexdump | Dumps the given file in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii
hwclock | Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) clock
i386 | A symbolic link to setarch
ionice | Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a program
ipcmk | Creates various IPC resources
ipcrm | Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC) resource
ipcs | Provides IPC status information
irqtop | Displays kernel interrupt counter information in top(1) style view
isosize | Reports the size of an iso9660 file system
kill | Sends signals to processes
last | Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back through the `/var/log/wtmp` file; it also shows system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes
lastb | Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in `/var/log/btmp`
ldattach | Attaches a line discipline to a serial line
linux32 | A symbolic link to setarch
linux64 | A symbolic link to setarch
logger | Enters the given message into the system log
look | Displays lines that begin with the given string
losetup | Sets up and controls loop devices
lsblk | Lists information about all or selected block devices in a tree-like format
lscpu | Prints CPU architecture information
lsfd | Displays information about open files; replaces lsof
lsipc | Prints information on IPC facilities currently employed in the system
lsirq | Displays kernel interrupt counter information
lslocks | Lists local system locks
lslogins | Lists information about users, groups and system accounts
lsmem | Lists the ranges of available memory with their online status
lsns | Lists namespaces
mcookie | Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal numbers) for xauth
mesg | Controls whether other users can send messages to the current user's terminal
mkfs | Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk partition)
mkfs.bfs | Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system
mkfs.cramfs | Creates a cramfs file system
mkfs.minix | Creates a Minix file system
mkswap | Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap area
more | A filter for paging through text one screen at a time
mount | Attaches the file system on the given device to a specified directory in the file-system tree
mountpoint | Checks if the directory is a mountpoint
namei | Shows the symbolic links in the given paths
nsenter | Runs a program with namespaces of other processes
partx | Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions
pivot_root | Makes the given file system the new root file system of the current process
prlimit | Gets and sets a process's resource limits
readprofile | Reads kernel profiling information
rename | Renames the given files, replacing a given string with another
renice | Alters the priority of running processes
resizepart | Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition
rev | Reverses the lines of a given file
rfkill | Tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices
rtcwake | Used to enter a system sleep state until the specified wakeup time
script | Makes a typescript of a terminal session
scriptlive | Re-runs session typescripts using timing information
scriptreplay | Plays back typescripts using timing information
setarch | Changes reported architecture in a new program environment, and sets personality flags
setsid | Runs the given program in a new session
setterm | Sets terminal attributes
sfdisk | A disk partition table manipulator
sulogin | Allows `root` to log in; it is normally invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode
swaplabel | Makes changes to the swap area's UUID and label
swapoff | Disables devices and files for paging and swapping
swapon | Enables devices and files for paging and swapping, and lists the devices and files currently in use
switch_root | Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree
taskset | Retrieves or sets a process's CPU affinity
uclampset | Manipulates the utilization clamping attributes of the system or a process
ul | A filter for translating underscores into escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use
umount | Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree
uname26 | A symbolic link to setarch
unshare | Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent
utmpdump | Displays the content of the given login file in a user-friendly format
uuidd | A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based UUIDs in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion
uuidgen | Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID is a random number likely to be unique among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other systems, in the past and in the future, with extremely high probability (2128 UUIDs are possible)
uuidparse | A utility to parse unique identifiers
wall | Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users
wdctl | Shows hardware watchdog status
whereis | Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page files for the given command
wipefs | Wipes a filesystem signature from a device
x86_64 | A symbolic link to setarch
zramctl | A program to set up and control zram (compressed ram disk) devices
`libblkid` | Contains routines for device identification and token extraction
`libfdisk` | Contains routines for manipulating partition tables
`libmount` | Contains routines for block device mounting and unmounting
`libsmartcols` | Contains routines for aiding screen output in tabular form
`libuuid` | Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for objects that may be accessible beyond the local system

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