Git-2.20.1

#### Beyond Linux® From Scratch - Version 2019-02-27

### Chapter 13. Programming

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# Git-2.20.1

## Introduction to Git

Git is a free and open source, distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. Every Git clone is a full-fledged repository with complete history and full revision tracking capabilities, not dependent on network access or a central server. Branching and merging are fast and easy to do. Git is used for version control of files, much like tools such as Mercurial-4.9, Bazaar, Subversion-1.11.1, CVS, Perforce, and Team Foundation Server.

This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-8.4 platform.

### Package Information

- Download (HTTP): https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.20.1.tar.xz

- Download MD5 sum: 5fb4ff92b56ce3172b99c1c74c046c1a

- Download size: 5.1 MB

- Estimated disk space required: 275 MB (with downloaded documentation)

- Estimated build time: 0.3 SBU (with parallelism=4; add 5.4 SBU for tests)

### Additional Downloads

- https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-manpages-2.20.1.tar.xz (not needed if you've installed asciidoc-8.6.9, xmlto-0.0.28, and prefer to rebuild them)

- https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-htmldocs-2.20.1.tar.xz and other docs (not needed if you've installed asciidoc-8.6.9 and want to rebuild the documentation).

### Git Dependencies

#### Recommended

cURL-7.64.0 (needed to use Git over http, https, ftp or ftps)

#### Optional

pcre2-10.32 (or the deprecated PCRE-8.42), in either case configured with `--enable-jit`, Python-2.7.15, Subversion-1.11.1 with Perl bindings (for git svn), Tk-8.6.9 (gitk, a simple Git repository viewer, uses Tk at runtime), and Valgrind-3.14.0

#### Optional (to create the man pages, html docs and other docs)

xmlto-0.0.28 and asciidoc-8.6.9 or AsciiDoctor, and also dblatex (for the PDF version of the user manual), and docbook2x to create info pages

User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/git

## Installation of Git

Install Git by running the following commands:

    ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig &&
    make

You can build the man pages and/or html docs, or use downloaded ones. If you choose to build them, use next two following instructions.

If you have installed asciidoc-8.6.9 you can create the html version of the man pages and other docs:

    make html

If you have installed asciidoc-8.6.9 and xmlto-0.0.28 you can create the man pages:

    make man

The test suite can be run in parallel mode. To run the test suite, issue: make test. If run as a normal user, 0 tests should be reported as failed in the final summary.

Now, as the `root` user:

    make install

### If you created the man pages and/or html docs

Install the man pages as `root` user:

    make install-man

Install the html docs as `root` user:

    make htmldir=/usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1 install-html

### If you downloaded the man pages and/or html docs

If you downloaded the man pages untar them as the `root` user:

    tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.20.1.tar.xz \
        -C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir

If you downloaded the html docs untar them as the `root` user:

    mkdir -vp   /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1 &&
    tar   -xf   ../git-htmldocs-2.20.1.tar.xz \
          -C    /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1 --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir &&

    find        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1 -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; &&
    find        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1 -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

### Reorganize text and html in the html-docs (both methods)

For both methods, the html-docs include a lot of plain text files. Reorganize the files as the `root` user:

    mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/man-pages/{html,text}         &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/{git*.txt,man-pages/text}     &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/{git*.,index.,man-pages/}html &&

    mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/technical/{html,text}         &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/technical/{*.txt,text}        &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/technical/{*.,}html           &&

    mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/howto/{html,text}             &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/howto/{*.txt,text}            &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/howto/{*.,}html               &&

    sed -i '/^<a href=/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/howto-index.html &&
    sed -i '/^\* link:/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1/howto-index.txt

## Command Explanations

`--with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig`: This sets `/etc/gitconfig` as the file that stores the default, system wide, Git settings.

`--with-python=python3`: Use this switch to allow using Python 3. Python is only used for the git p4 interface to Perforce repositories.

`--with-libpcre2`: Use this switch if PCRE2 is installed and has been built with the non-default JIT enabled.

`--with-libpcre`: As an alternative to PCRE2, use this switch if the deprecated PCRE is installed and has been built with the non-default JIT enabled.

tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.20.1.tar.gz -C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner: This untars `git-manpages-2.20.1.tar.gz`. The `-C` option makes tar change directory to `/usr/share/man` before it starts to decompress the docs. The `--no-same-owner` option stops tar from preserving the user and group details of the files. This is useful as that user or group may not exist on your system; this could (potentially) be a security risk.

mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.20.1 ...: These commands move some of the files into subfolders to make it easier to sort through the docs and find what you're looking for.

find ... chmod ...: These commands correct the permissions in the shipped documentation tar file.

## Configuring Git

### Config Files

`~/.gitconfig` and `/etc/gitconfig`

## Contents

Installed Programs: git, git-receive-pack and git-upload-archive (hardlinked to each other), git-cvsserver, git-shell, git-upload-pack, and gitk
Installed Libraries: None
Installed Directories: /usr/share/perl5/Git, /usr/libexec/git-core and /usr/share/{doc/git-2.20.1,git-core,git-gui,gitk,gitweb}

### Short Descriptions

git | is the stupid content tracker.
git-cvsserver | is a CVS server emulator for Git.
gitk | is a graphical Git repository browser (needs Tk-8.6.9).
git-receive-pack | is invoked by git send-pack and updates the repository with the information fed from the remote end.
git-shell | is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access.
git-upload-archive | is invoked by git archive --remote and sends a generated archive to the other end over the git protocol.
git-upload-pack | is invoked by git fetch-pack, it discovers what objects the other side is missing, and sends them after packing.

Last updated on 2019-02-16 03:24:48 -0600

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